LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1868.

CONTENTS.-N° 39.

NOTES:- Hannibal's Passage of the Alps, 289-Thomas Baker, of St. John's College, Cambridge, "Socius Ejectus," Ib. Life Delineated, 291 - Ragenalle, or Bagnall, of Staf

fordshire and Ireland, Ib. - Henry Constable: Perpetuation of Bibliographical Fallacies Desiderius Erasmus, Roterodamus - Lucinette, a Girl's Name - Eikon Basilike: French Translation - A Strange Mistake - "Barbaric Pearl and Gold" - "Beauty but Skin-deep " Hacket Family First Book printed in Newcastle Corbillard, &c. - Deadly St. Mary's, Castlegate, York -Sign-board: the Saddler's Horse, &c., 292.

QUERIES: - Election Colours, 295-Anonymous, &c. Assessments in Aid - Baskerville's Letter to Horace Walpole - Dellamere or De la Ware - French Proverb - Goa, or Gova Rasthra, &c. - Hobbledehoy - Howdenshire and Ouse and Derwent - Hugh of Manchester - "Les Sens" - Oudin's "Spanish and French Dictionary"- Pay of the Army in 1775-Proverbial Expression-Quotations wanted "Love and War" - Robin Hood Russian Medal Snenser's "View of the State of Ireland" - St. Woollos, Newport - Vestments of the Thirteenth Century, &c., 296. QUERIES WITH ANSWERS: St. Decuman Sir Denner Strutt-John Bill-Gold Locket-"Hogen Mogen" or "Hogan Mogan"-Benting-time - Northumberland Shilling Poem on a Sleeping Child, 299.

HANNIBAL'S PASSAGE OF THE ALPS.

I believe the learned are not agreed in proposing any very plausible explanation of the apparently extraordinary assertion supposed to be made by Livy, that Hannibal levelled or perforated the rocks which opposed the passage of his army over the Alps by means of vinegar. Lord Napier of Magdala is a consummate military engineer, but I have not found it recorded that he smoothed the way for his elephants in his Abyssinian expedition by chemical agency. then, that we have not understood the meaning of May we suppose, this passage of Livy? The following incident will perhaps lead us to suspect that this may be the case, and that Livy never meant to make so extraordinary a statement; or at least, if he did, may serve to account for the manner in which the mistake on his part arose:

Some years ago I happened to be travelling in the South of France, and my only companion in the coupée of the diligence was an intelligent French engineer who had been for some time employed in executing road-works in the Alps. We touched upon the disputed points as to the route pursued by Hannibal, and in the course of conversation he proposed what has ever since appeared to me a no less true than simple explanation of the meaning of this passage of Livy. The word used by Livy, it will be remembered, is

aceto, which we translate as though it were the ablative case of acetum, vinegar. Now my friend assured me that the common implement used by workmen in those parts of the Alps to hew their way through rocks was still called by them " an aceto," pronounced, as probably it was in Roman times, acheto, Anglicè "a pickaxe." In fact, acheto, axe, hatchet, Fr. hache, German hacke, and the verbs derived from them, are evidently related. Nothing of course would be a simpler statement than that Hannibal forced his way amidst impassable rocks by the pickaxe. Whether the word which Livy had picked up from previous accounts of Hannibal's exploits suggested to him, as it does to us, the false meaning of vinegar, may be difficult to say. Probably, had he used aceto in its technical meaning, he would have added an explanation, that so the mountaineers called a "pick." If he were deceived by the form of the word in considering it to mean vinegar, the case would be analogous to that of the old Eastern traveller Marco Polo, some of whose tales are so marvellous that his name has become almost synonymous with liar; and yet I remember the late eminent professor of Sanscrit at Oxford, Wilson, showing in one of his lectures, by means of his extensive knowledge of the habits, customs, and language of the inhabitants of India, that many of this traveller's extraordinary stories arose simply from his not understanding the accounts of his native informants. The professor had been able in several instances to trace the

origin of the mistake, and to point out what it was which his informants must have told him, but which an imperfect comprehension of his authorities and a credulous love of the marvellous had misled him into representing as something utterly new and strange. Just so if a mere man of letters, as Gibbon describes Livy, unacquainted with rural affairs, were to read or hear that an extraordinary man like Hannibal had made his possible that he might set down in his narrative way through rocks by the acheto, it is not imthat it was done by vinegar, when his authority only intended to say that it was effected by dint of plying the pickaxe.

If the observation of my French friend-whose name, I am sorry to say, I have quite forgottentends to throw light on an obscure passage in a classical author, I hope I may be excused for having taken up so much space in your columns.

THOMAS TANCRED.

of the Thinges lately done in the Lowe Countrey. In one vol., sm. 8vo. [With his autograph.]

19. Hakewill (George), Answere to a Treatise written by Dr. Carter. 1616, 4to. [With a memorandum in his hand.]

2. Heylin (Peter), Help to English History, 1773, 8vo. [With nearly 30 pp. of MS. matter in Baker's hand.]

3. Travers (Walter), Full and Plaine Declaration of Ecclesiastical Discipline, &c. 1574, 4to. [With a long MS. note by Baker respecting the book.]

4. Most strange and admirable Discoverie of the Three Witches of Warboys, &c. 1593, 4to.

"A book very scarce: they have no perfect copy at Queen's College, notwithstanding they are obliged to preach the Sermon annually."-MS. note by Т. В.

5. Bridges (John), Sermon preached at Paules Crosse in Whitson Weeke, 1571. Lond. (1571), 4to.

6. Nowel (Alex.), Catechism, &c., 1573.- Declaration of the Recantation of John Nichols, 1581. In one vol. sm. 8vo. [Baker calls Nichols " a very vilain."]

7. Verou (John), Stronge Battery against the Idolatrous Invocation of the Dead Saintes. Lond. 1562, 8vo. [With the autographs of Baker and of T. Knyvet, who seized Guy Faux.]

8. Cambine (Andrew), Commentaries, &c., translated by Shute. Lond. 1562, 4to. (With his autograph.]

9. A Godly and Necessarye Admonition of the Decrees and Canons of the Council of Trent. Lond. 1564, 4to. [With his autograph.]

10. Bede, History of the Churche of Englande, translated by Stapleton. A Fortresse of the Faith, by Stapleton. In one vol. Antw. 1565, 4to.

"From the Rev. Thomas Baker's library, with MS. notes by him. A few leaves have been very neatly supplied in a contemporary hand, on which Mr. Baker makes the following remarks:- This book had belonged to some true Catholick, as appears by the pains that have been taken with it. The good man, no doubt, thought he merited by the pains he took, unless it were enjoyned him as a penance. Be it as it will, I value it more thus perfected, then if it had been perfect in print. I think these two were the first books published by Stapleton." -MS. note on fly-leaf.

11. Staunford (W.), The Kynges Prerogative. Lond. 1567, 4to. [With his autograph.]

12. Gardiner (Bp.), Detection of the Devils Sophistrie,

&c. Lond. 1546, 8vo. [With his autograph.]

13. Cooper (T.), Admonition to the People of England. - 1589, 4to. [With his MS. notes.]

14. Stanley (Sir W.), A Discoverie of Doctor Allens Seditious Drifts. 1588, 4to. [With his MS. notes.]

15. Prynne (W.), Anti-Arminianisme. 2nd edit., 1630, 4to. In a volume with two other pieces. (With his MS. notes.]

16. Laud, Recantation of the Prelate of Canterbury, &c. 1641, 4to. [With his autograph.]

17. Philibert of Vienne, The Philosopher of the Court, translated by George North. Lond. 1575, 8vo. [With

his autograph.]

18. Advertisement from a French Gentleman, &c., 1585.-A Declaration and Protestation published by the King of Navarre, n. d.-Three Letters written by the King of Navarre, 1586.-Defence and True Declaration

21. Examination for the Tyme, of a certaine Declaration lately put in print in the name and defence of certaine Ministers in London. Lond. R. Jugge, n. d., 4to. [With his autograph.]

22. Clerk (John), Opusculum planè divinum de Mortuorum Resurrectione, etc. Lond., 1545, 4to. [With his autograph.]

23. Estate of the English Fugitives under the King of Spain, &c., 1595.-The Spanish Pilgrime, &c., 1625. In one vol., 4to. [With a MS. note in his hand.]

24. Enewstub (John), Lectures upon Exodus, &c. Lond., 1578, 4to. [With his autograph.]

25. Becon (T.), Actes of Christe and of Antichriste, &c. Lond., 1577, 8vo. [With his autograph.]

26. Harvey (Gabriel), Ciceronianus, 1577. - Rhetor, 1577. Foure Letters and Certaine Sonnets, 1592.-A New Letter of Notable Contents, 1593.-Pierce's Supererogation, 1593. In one vol., 4to. [With his MS. notes.]

27. Treatise of the Ministry of the Church of England, 1595.-Johnson (Fr.), Certayne Reasons and Arguments proving that it is not lawfull to heare or have any Spirituall Communion with the present Ministerie of the Church of England, 1608.-Ainsworth (H.), Counterpoyson, &c., 1608. In one vol., 4to. [With his autograph.]

28. Ely (Humphr.), Certeine Briefe Notes. -An Answear of Doctor Bagshaw. An Answere made by me Charles Paget, Esquier, to Certayne Vntruths and Falsityes, &c.-Answeare vnto the Particulars objected in the Apology against Doctor Byshope. In an 8vo vol. Paris, n. d.

"All these were men of Note, and severall remarkable particulars are contained in y. Collection."-MS. note by Baker.

29. Barlow (W.), Vita et Obitus Richardi Cosin, etc., 1598, 4to. [With his MS. notes.]

I have given the titles in short, of necessity. It seems to me (but I may be wrong) that these lists are of interest, as showing the line and range of reading of a distinguished man. In a copy of the Year Book, 40 Edward III., printed by R. Tottell, 1576, folio, the following note presents itself at the end:

"Liber Richardi Baker, Interioris Templi, January, 1590. Richardus Baker de Abergavenny, in comitatu Monmouth, Interioris Templi."

Can this Richard Baker have been in any way connected with the Nonjuror Thomas? It is well known that many of Baker's books are still preserved in the library of St. John's College, Cambridge, having been presented to the college by its Socius Ejectus. It would be interesting to have had lists, as perfect as they could be made, of the libraries formerly possessed by such men as Baker, Gabriel Harvey, &c.

W. CAREW HAZLITT.

BAGENALLE, OR BAGNALL, OF STAFFORD

SHIRE AND IRELAND.

From time to time have cropped up in the pages of "N. & Q." so many scattered notices respecting the Bagnalls, that it is perhaps well to publish in a concise form-with a view rather to eliciting further information than to furnishing fresh factsall that I have so far been able to string together respecting a family which, as old Fuller remarks, was "of such remark in this county (of Stafford), that before the reign of Henry VIII. there scarce passed a piece of evidence nce which is not attested

by one of that name"; and which produced no less than three knights-marshal of the armies of Ireland in the most troubled period of that unhappy kingdom's existence.

Plot speaks of Ralph and Nicholas, sons of John Bagnall, as "raising again their sunk ancient family by their valour only"; and Sir Simon Degge attributes their second decadence to the sacrilegious crime of imbuing their hands in abbey-grants. "Delacresse was given to the Bagnals, which, like a mushroom, rose on a sudden and vanished as soon in the first generation.” Erdeswicke, however, puts another construction on it, telling us that

"Sir Ralph, goodfellow-like, dispersed and dedit pauperibus; for he sold the land, to the tenants for the most part, to every man his own, at so reasonable a rate, that they were able to perform the purchase thereof: and spent the money, gentlemanlike, leaving his son Sir Samuel to advance himself by his valour, as he before had done."

There is a curious tradition still orally handed down in the neighbourhood of Leek, that Queen Bess told him when he had become poor, "if abbeys and granges would not serve, she must needs give him the run of her kitchen."

Among Foxe the martyrologist's MSS. we find, under the year 1555, a curious passage respecting this said illustrious spendthrift:

"Soe they all kneled down and receyved itt (the pope's blessing), all save one, Syr Raulf Bagnall, who said hee was sworne the contrary to King Henry the Eight, which was a worthy prince, and labourid 25 yeres before hee could abolish him; and to say that I will nowe agree to itt, I will not."

Mr. Gough Nichols shrewdly guesses that he

"He was compelled to seek refuge in France, for having denied the receiving of the pope in Queen Mary's first parliament. His losses. Prays for grant of 502. lands in fee-farm."

And from the same source we gather that, in 1567, Sir Nicholas Bagnall writes to the lords justices that

"Turlough Lynagh has promised to go against the Scots. He is a great suitor to marry Bagenall's wife's sister. Offers that she shall have twenty Englishmen and six gentlewomen to wait on her. Bagenall would rather see her burned."

The arms of Sir Ralph, as displayed on seals attached to Dieulacresse and old title-deeds, are: Per saltire or and erm., a lion ramp. azure. The crest: An antelope séjant arg. ducally gorged or. The motto: "SEVR ET LOYAL." But, as given in the Cotton MS. Claudius C. III, they are, Sable within an orle of martlets argent, an inescocheon erm. charged with a leopard's face gules. Crest: on a wreath or. and sa. a dragon's head erased gu. charged with two bars or. For the genealogy I have drawn from various sources, but am principally indebted to Harl. MSS. 2043 and 4269, Plut. 56 B, p. 41.

(1.) John Bagenhalt, vel Bagenall, of Castorne, living A.D. 1460, had by his wife, a da. of the Baron of Navan in Ireland, (2) Ralph B. of Enden, near Leeke; who by Elianor (Elizabeth?) ux. ejus, da. Ralph (Robert ?) Sadler, of Namptwich, had (query, a da. Ellen, ux. Ralph Wright, of Mottram St. Andrew, co. Cest.?) and a son (3.) John B. mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, a. 1519, 22, 6, 31, 3, who by Eliner, ux. ejus, da. Thomas Whitingham of Middlewich, had two sons and two daughters, viz. Sir Rauffe Bagenalle ("knited at y cruell battayle of Muskelboroughe, Aug. 1546"), M.P. for co. Staff. 1st Elizabeth, and for Newcastle 5th Elizabeth; sheriff of the co. 1559; living 1576 [who by Elizabeth, ux. ejus, third da. Robert Whitgreave, of Burtonmanor, co. Staff., had Sir Samuel B. who received eight wounds at the battle of Cadiz, Sep. 15, 1596, and was knighted by the Earl of Essex, "before y towne was all wonne"; marshal of Ireland, 1602; and who by his wife, a Miss Burlacy, had a son, Captain Ralph B. living March 5, 1629. Sir Ralph is also said to have had a da. Frances, who was ux. John Lovatt, of Trentham.] Mary B. ux. Roger Brereton; Margaret, ux. George Bartram, of Barlaston; and (4.) Sir Nicholas Bagnall, of Stoke, co. Staff. second son of John B., M.P. for Newcastle, 1st Elizabeth; marshall of army in Ireland, 28 Jan. 1550-1; (of Newry Castle, co. Armagh, A.D. 1575); who by Eleonora (ob. 1573), ux. ejus, d. and ch. Sir Edward Gryffyth, of Penthrin, in Wales, had a numerous family, viz. six sons and five daughters. We will first dispose of the daughters. Frances was ux. to the lord of Louthe❘

(Howthe?); Mary, ux. Sir Patrick Barnewell; Margaret, Sir Christopher Plocknett of Dunfalughlan; Isabel, ux. Sir Edward Kinaston, of Oteley, co. Salop; Anne, ux. Audley Loneton, only son and heir of the Lord Chaunsey, vel Chaunseley, of Ireland; Ursula, sixth daughter. Of the sons, Ambrose, Ralph, and Edward, o. s. p. Dudley was twice married: by his first ux. Katharine Nangle, da. of the Baron of Navan, he had Nicholas and Ralph; and by his second ux. Mabell, da. George Ffitzgerard, of Trograham, he had George and a da.: Sir (5) Henry Bagnall, second son and eventual heir, of Stoke and of Horley Castle, "knighte-marshall and lord deputie of Ireland," who was slain, "fighting amongst the thickest," at Blackwater, Aug. 14, 1598, by his wife Eleonor, da. Sir John Savage, of RockSavage, co. Cest., and of the Lady Elizabeth Manners, ux. ejus, da. Thomas first Earl of Rutland, had three sons; (of the fate of two, Gryffyth and John, I find no trace; of the third, Arthur, more anon), and three daughters (some say four): a. Ellin, the eldest, married first Sir Robert Salisbury, of Redg; and secondly, Thomas Nedham, of Pool-bank, co. Derby; b. Mary, ux. Thomas Blodwell, of co. Cærnarvon; c. Elizabeth; and (query?) d. Anne, ux. Robert-Lewis Bayley, D.D., Bishop of Bangor, 1616; from whom descends the present Marquis of Anglesey. (6.) Arthur Bagnall, e. s., by his wife Matilda, vel Magdalen, e. d. and ch. Sir Robert (Richard ?) Trevor, of Trevalin, and Dame Catharine, ux. ejus, da. Roger Puleston, had an only child. (7.) Nicholas Bagnall (ob. 1712) of Newry and of Pläs Newdd; who married the Lady Anne-Charlotte, da. Robert Bruce, second Earl of Elgin and first Earl of Aylesbury; but whether or not he left issue I cannot state. JOHN SLEIGH. Thornbridge, Bakewell.

HENRY CONSTABLE: PERPETUATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL FALLACIES. - It has been a statement implictly received and relied upon, both by myself and others, that as many as four editions of Constable's Diana appeared between 1592 and 1604. Now a copy of the 4to of 1592 is in the Miller collection, and an edition of 1594, 12mo, or sm. 8vo, is at Oxford among Malone's books. There, I now believe, begins and ends the catalogue of the impressions of Diana. Lowndes, it is true, records reprints under the years 1597 and 1604; but there is probably no authority for the existence of the former, and certainly none for that of the latter; for Bindley's copy, which in his catalogue is quoted as of 1604, and from that source is mentioned by Lowndes and myself as selling for a large sum in 1818, though imperfect, turned up the other day, and was no edition of 1604 at all, but a copy, with the date cut off, of the edition of 1594!

W. CAREW HAZLITT,

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS, ROTERODAMUS. - It has often been said that Erasmus was on the point of being made a cardinal when death overtook him in 1536. I possess an autograph letter in confirmation of this assertion, addressed to him that same year by the celebrated physician Joannes Antoninus, in which, amongst other things, he says:

"Pridie quam hinc emigraret Petrus Tomitius Epüs noster, scriptæ fuerunt ad t. A. literæ quibus tibi persuaderet galerum ut sumeres cardinalitum. Sed quia morbi tum impotentia non siuit subscribere dominū, propterea indigne visa sunt exequutoribus, quod vocant, ut a morte dij ad t. A. mitterentur. Ego uero quia declararent qua voluntate in te fuerit Illustris Pontifex dum viueret, indignum indicaui eas rejicere itaque mitto illas Amplit. t. "Valedixi Aulæ, quotidie clamans ad Dominü ac illi confitens errores et negligentias meas. Quietus instituo ad pietatem filias charissimas possessiones meas. Et velut experrectus fideli de morte Thome Mori expositione, consydero quam felix in sua concha vixerit Diogenes, quam prestans fuerit Democriti philosophia. Dici non potest quantu me delectauerit illa tua de puritate Ecclesiæ, Christianæ preciosa gemma. Mortes et miserias principū patronu tam eximioru ac merito colendorū, passus sum ab alijs te intelligere. Equidem non fui ausus maximis plurimisq3 negotijs te occupatissimü compellare. Et quoniam hinc tuo corpusculo tam raro ac tenuj male conuenit cu medicis, excrucior vehementer deesse nobis quo possimus opem ferre tibi viro imortali vita dignissimo. Sed Dñus dabit letiora quū ipse videbitur.-Datū Cracouiæ quinto Idus Augusti 1536.

"R. Amplit. tuæ

deditissimus JOANNES ANTONINUS, medicus."
[Translation.]

"The day previous to the demise of Petrus Tomisius, our Bishop, he wrote you a letter to induce you to accept the Cardinal's hat. But the weakness caused by his illness prevented his Lordship's signing it, so that his executors did not deem it worth while forwarding it to you after his death. As, however, it shows the high esteem you were held in by the illustrious Prelate, I thought it a pity to destroy it, and consequently sent it

you.

"I have bid farewell to the Court, and daily confess to God my errors and negligences. In my retreat I bring up in the ways of piety my daughters, who are my dearest treasures. And, as aroused by the faithful account of the death of Thomas More, I reflect how happy was Diogenes in his tub, and how excellent was the philosophy of Democritus. I cannot tell you how delighted I have been with your precious work 'On the purity of the Church.' Seeing that your body, so reduced and so weak, derives no benefit from medical help, I lament that we can do nothing for an immortal man, so worthy to live. But God will grant you a more satisfactory state when it pleases Him."

So He did in recalling him. Erasmus had just ended his brilliant career when this letter reached Bâle, dying in the night of July, 1536.

"Theutona terra cum miraretur Erasmum,
Hoc majus, potuit dicere, nil genui."

P. A. L.

LUCINETTE, A GIRL'S NAME. -I once christened a child by this name, a name I never remember to have heard before, nor to have met with in print. It is probably worth making a note of. At the

time of the Russian war several girls in the West of England were named Alma. H. BOWER.

EIKON BASILIKE: FRENCH TRANSLATION. "But that no body may wonder to see him speak so home to our purpose, I must inform those to whom he (i. e. Jo. Bapt. Pondus) may be a stranger, that he hath lived in England; that it is he who made that excellent translation of his late Majestie's incomparable book called, as it is indeed, his Royal Portraicture out of English into French, which was printed over and over again so many times: whereby he became perfectly acquainted with our affairs, and that he is and ever hath been a great lover of our Church ever since he hath known her. But that all this may not make him to be suspected to the Presbyterian Brethren, I must likewise put them in remembrance that he hath been for these many years, and is at this day, an Elder of the Reformed Church of Roan, which never yet passed any censure upon him for his ancient and great friendship to us which is publicly known of every one." - Durel, On the Government and Public Worship of God in the Reformed Church beyond the Seas, 1662, p. 298.

E. H. A.

A STRANGE MISTAKE. - There is an amazing piece of information in The Atheneum (May 30, 1868, p. 757,) which is worth noting, for it shows what strange slips may sometimes be made by great authorities. The Athenæum says:

"The grateful memory will not fail to render justice to one noble act at least of George the Third. Before his time judges were removable at pleasure, and a little pressure applied to a weak judge in very particular circumstances would sometimes obtain a ruling in favour of the crown, which should have gone in an opposite sense. The king made the judges independent of the crown, and, by declaring them to be irremovable at the will of the government, he performed one good act for which posterity has been largely his debtor."

What would the writer say to the following provision of the Act of Settlement (William III. 12 & 13, с. 2) ?

"That after the said limitation" (of the succession to the crown) "shall take effect, judges commissioners be made Quamdiu se bene gesserint, and their salaries ascertained and established; but upon the address of both Houses of Parliament, it may be lawful to remove them."

D. J. K.

"BARBARIC PEARL AND GOLD."-It was lately suggested in these pages, that an erroneous quotation ought immediately to be noticed. The above expression is in everybody's mouth, and was used in print by a highly accomplished person within these few days. If, as I submit, it is a misconception, it is time it were pointed out. When Milton wrote

"Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold,"

it probably never occurred to him that any reader would apply the epithet barbaric to the pearl and gold. "Barbaric," with the Greeks and with the Romans, always meant "speaking unintelligibly": afterwards, by a natural extension, it meant uncivilised, savage, cruel. In any of these meanings,