port bill, 471; wishes to send com-
missioners to America, iv. 92.

Lays a paper before parliament
(1775), iv. 99, 100; reproached by
Fox, 114; proposes to declare Massa-
chusetts in rebellion, 117; asks Fox's
advice, 118; consults Franklin, 127;
disagreement with, 128; weak, and
false in consequence, 151; orders
raising Canadian regiments, 151;
offer to the colonists, 200, 201; this
answered and rejected, 245, 246;
goes with the king in his violent
measures, 280-282; refuses to listen
to Grafton, 281; on taxing the colo-
nies, 286, 287; uneasy, halting, etc.,
288; bitter words over Montgomery,
309; on hiring German mercenaries,
356; threatens to resign, v. 22; in
parliament, 54, 55; deeply affected
at news of Burgoyne's surrender,
224; the king holds him to continue
the war, 225; feelings of, in old age,
225; makes two conciliatory proposi-
tions in the house of commons, 247,
248; how received, 248; despondent,
249; favors Franklin's offers, 253;
discouraged, 282, 283; agitated over
Cornwallis's surrender, 523; end of
administration of, 531; makes an
attack on the treaty of peace, vi. 39;
in the coalition ministry, 44.
North Carolina. See Carolina, North.
North-east passage to India, search for,
i. 478.

Northfield, Massachusetts, i. 389, 390.
Northington, specch of, iii. 189, 190;
votes for repeal of the stamp-act, 210;
president of the council, 225.
Norton, Sir F., in parliament, iii. 186.
Norton, John, envoy of Massachusetts
to England, i. 370.

North-west passage, search for, by New-
port and Smith, i. 89.
North-west territory, the right over, v.
14; views of Maryland as to, 283,
284; claims of Virginia respecting,
441, 442; ceded to the United States
(1781) by Virginia, vi. 14; plan for
colonizing and forming new states in,
81; slavery to be excluded, 81; Wash-
ington's plan for organizing, 103, 104:
deed of cession from Virginia, 115,
116; ordinance for the governance
of, 116, 117; the proposed five new
states, 280; jealous feeling toward,
280; need of territorial government
for, 281; power of congress over,
324.

Norwalk, Connecticut, burned by the
British, v. 330.

Nottingham, New Hampshire, rapid
march of men of, iv. 169.
Nova Scotia (see Acadia and Canada),
attempts at settlement by the Scotch,
i. 218, 219; loyalists banished to
(1783), vi. 101.

Noyes, N., minister of Salem, Massachu-
setts, share in the witchcraft murders,
ii. 63, 65, 66.

Nurse, Rebecca, hanged for witchcraft,
ii. 59-63.

Nye, Philip, a "faithful minister in Lon-
don," i. 232.

0.

O'Brien, Captain Jeremiah, iv. 184.
Oconostata, great Cherokee warrior, ii.
515-521.

Ogden, of New Jersey, opposes views as
to liberty, in congress, iii. 155; burnt
in effigy, 162.
Ogdensburg (Oswegatchie), New York,
Jesuit mission at (1748), ii. 337.
Oglethorpe, James, noble aim of, ii. 281;
founds Savannah, 282, 283; meets the
Muskohgees, Cherokees, Choctas, 283,
284; returns to England, 286; takes
colonists to Georgia, 287, 288; builds
forts, 290; in high favor with the In-
dian tribes, 291; goes to England and
brings out a regiment of troops (1738),
292; will have nothing to do with
slavery, 292; meets the tribes in
council, 292, 293; invades Florida,
297; to no purpose, however, 298;
returns to England, 298; character
and merits of, 299; aids Georgia, iii.

286.

Ohio, beginning of the state of, vi. 103,
104; origin of the name, 125.
Ohio Company of Virginia, ii. 362; em-
ploys Gist, 362, 363; opens a road,
377; begins a fort, which is taken by
the French, 381, 383.

Ohio Company for colonizing, etc. (1787),
vi. 284, 285.

Ohio, North-west Territory. See North-
west Territory.

Ohio river, first seen by Marquette, ii.
157..

Ohio valley, importance of, ii. 361, 362;
richness of its lands, 364, 366; the
colonies refuse the expense of defend-
ing, 368; England gives no aid, 375;
the French in possession (1754), 385;
the English driven out by the French,
468.

Ojibwas, Indians, ii. 93, 141, 150,
151.

Oldham, John, murdered by the Indians,
i. 266.
Oliver, Andrew, at the Albany congress,
ii. 334, 335; appointed stamp dis-
tributor in Massachusetts, iii. 112;
burned in effigy, 135, 136; is threat-
ened, 136; forced to resign, 170, 171;
not re-elected to the bench, 218; on
the "taking off" of traitors, 332; re-
moval of, demanded, 441; impeached,
468; impossible for him to hold court,
iv. 53, 54; in " greatest distress,"
forced to resign, 56.

Oneidas and Onondagas, two of the Five
Nations of Indians, i. 583 (see Iro-
quois); friendship of, preserved by
the Americans (1778), v. 222.
Onondagas (see Oneidas), expedition of
Van Schaick and Willet against, v.
332.

Onondio and Corlaer, meaning of the
terms, ii. 176.

Onslow, speaker of the house of com.
mons, held that parliament had power
to tax America, ii. 348.
Opechancanough, brother of Powhatan,
treats John Smith kindly, i. 93; suc-
ceeds Powhatan, 127; death of, 142.
Orangeburg, South Carolina, v. 500, 501.
Ord, George, in a sloop, takes a maga-
zine in Bermuda, iv. 249.
Oregon, Sir Francis Drake in, i. 66.
O'Reilly, in New Orleans, iii 353, 354;
in the Spanish service, v. 137.
Oriskany, fierce fight at, with the In-
dians, v. 169, 279.

Osborne, Sir Danvers, goes to New York,
ii. 375; failure and suicide, 376; New
York on instructions of, 410, 413.
Oswald, Richard, British diplomatic
agent, v. 535; takes a letter to
Franklin, 540; instructions to, 543;
letter to, from Lord Shelburne, 547,
548; the commission, 550, 551; inter-
view with Jay, 564; how his letters
were received, slight change in the
commission, 569; the new negotiation,
570; arranges treaty of peace, 570,
571; Strachey sent to join him, 573;
course of, with Strachey and Fitzher-
bert, 578, 579.

Oswegatchie, now Ogdensburg, ii. 337.
Oswego, New York, English fortress at,

ii. 221; taken by Montcalm, 453;
Bradstreet visits, 491.

Otis, James, of Barnstable, speaker of
Massachusetts house of representa-
tives, ii. 531, 532,
Otis, James, the younger, ii. 532; speech
against writs of assistance, 547; char-
acter of, 548; clected to the Massa-

chusetts assembly, 549; theory of
government, 560, 561; popularity of,
561; sentiments of (1763), iii. 34;
prepares paper for the agent in Lon-
don, 78; argument for the colonies
and rights, 80-82; desponding views
of, 109; advises calling a congress,
113; on representation, and Magna
Charta, 119; union his cry, 120; on
South Carolina's course, 121; in con-
gress, ability of, 153; on opening of
courts, 171; pamphlet on a general
parliament, 197; speaker of the as-
sembly, 217; on offending Great Brit-
ain, 264; earnest for independence,
307, 308; mind of, disordered, 360;
affray in Boston, 360; becomes a
maniac, 407; last appearance in pub-
lic, 422; death of, 422.

Ottawas, Indians, ii. 93, 186, 524; iii.
43.

Oumas, Indians, ii. 188.

Overyssel, states of, oppose loaning
troops to England, iv. 347, 348.
Oxenstiern, Chancellor, efforts of, to
colonize on the Delaware, i. 502.
Oyster river village, New Hampshire,
attacked by the Indians, ii. 182.

P.

Paca, W., in Maryland state convention
on the federal constitution, vi. 412,

413.

Paine, R. T., delegate to congress, iv.

23.

Paine, Timothy, a mandamus councillor,
forced to resign, iv. 49.

Paine, Thomas, iv. 178; education of,
etc., 313; author of "Common
Sense," 313-315; employed by Rob-
ert Morris, v. 557; author of "Pub-
lic Good," vi. 12.
Palatines, in Carolina, i. 420.
Palmer, Eliakim, agent for Connecticut,
ii. 347.

Panin, first minister of empress of
Russia, iv. 276-278; views and policy
of, v. 342, 348, 355.

Paper money, in America, ii. 262, 263;
parliament interferes respecting, 263,
264; action of Massachusetts, 348;
issues of, by congress, iv. 237, 246,
337; v. 143, 218, 290, 292; whole
amount issued up to December 1778,
293, 294; further issues, 294, 439,
440, 446, 447; ill effects of, in the
American states, vi. 167, 168; laws
of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, respecting,

168, 169; laws of other states on the
subject, 169-173; public opinion on
this sort of money, 175, 176; the
states prohibited issuing, 303-305.
Papists, in Maryland, i. 172.
Parker, John, captain at Lexington, iv.
154.

Parker, Moses, taken prisoner, and dies

in Boston jail, iv. 230.
Parker, Sir Peter, in command of Brit-
ish fleet against Charleston, South
Carolina, arrives in Cape Fear river,
iv. 397; begins attack on Fort Moul-
trie, 404; ships of, aground, 406;
terrible fire on flagship of, 407; re-
treats, 408, 409; crimination and re-
crimination with Clinton, 409; at
New York, v. 31.

Parliament, first act of, relating to
America, i. 61; favors the Puritans,
197; condemns monopoly of the
Plymouth company, 217; supremacy
of, over the colonies, 352; absolute
in 1688, 601; ii. 6; attitude toward
the colonies, 70; notes the growth of
republican spirit in America, 70, 71;
scheme of, to govern by prerogative,
72, 73; appoints a board of trade,
73; plan for placing the colonies
under a military dictatorship, 73, 74;
taxation by, 75, 76; prerogative and
veto powers, 76; judiciary in the
colonies, habeas corpus, the press,
etc., in relation to the crown and par-
liament, 76, 77; threatens all the
charters, 77; colonics refuse the
quota plan, 78; mercantile system
developed and sustained, 79, 80;
courts of admiralty established, and
laws against manufactures in the
colonics, 80, 81; opposition to this
tyrannous policy, 81, 82; defines pi-
racy and its punishment, 83; regu-
lates the currency, 83; offers bounty
on naval stores, 84; as to the right
to tax the colonies, 84, 251; favors
the islands above the colonies, 242-
244; act of, for naturalization in
America, 264; is held to be supreme
over the colonies, 338, 339; plan for
taxing the colonies, 382, 383; is
asked to tax the colonics, 411; dis-
cussion as to taxing America, 448.

Bill taxing America passed, iii. 73;
stamp-act debated and passed, 97–
104; petitions to both houses by the
American congress, 154, 155; meet-
ing of (December 1765), 167; debate
in the lords, tone of, 167-169; violent
in the commons, 169, 170; the royal
speech to, tells of trouble (1766), 174;

debate in the commons, 175; Pitt's
great speech, 175-178; remarks of
Conway, 178; Grenville's abuse of
America, 178-180; Pitt's reply, 180–
184; debate in house of lords, 188-
194; in house of commons, 194-
196; affirms the right to tax Amer-
ica, 196, 197; the modern tory par-
ty, 196, 197; the ministry defeat-
ed on the stamp-act enforcement,
200; stamp-act repealed, 206, 207;
insists on supremacy over the colonies,
208; debate, repeal carried, 210; op-
position to ministerial course as to
America, 253; determines on an Amer-
ican army and revenue, 256, 257.

The last parliament to legislate for
America mects (1768), iii. 286;
Grenville advocates reform, 316;
Burke jeers at it, 316; in session,
322; feeling of, toward the colonies,
322, 323; rejects American petitions,
324; resolves to enforce its authori-
ty, 326; debate in the commons, 331-
335; refuses to repeal the revenue
act, 345; debate in, 364, 265; at-
tempts to conciliate America, 385,
386; Boston port bill in house of
lords, 475; bill to take away char-
ter from Massachusetts, effect of,
477; this, with four other penal bills,
carried, 477-481; infatuation of, iv.
5; two acts of, against Massachusetts,
11; dissolution of, 67; venality of
(1774), 90, 91; opinions of lords and
commons, 92; the ministry confident,
93; commerce to be interdicted, 99;
debate in the lords, 104, 105; minis-
terial victory in, 105; unrelenting,
114; declares Massachusetts in rebel-
lion, 117; debate in the commons,
118, 119; debate in the lords, 119,
120; joint address of, 120; New Eng-
land to be excluded from the fisheries,
126, 132; concessions to the French,
126; dislikes Lord North's plan, 128;
prohibits fisheries of New England
and restricts trade of southern colo-
nics, 261; in session (October 1775),
281; debates in commons on the ad-
dress to the king, 282, 283; votes to
crush the rebellion, 282, 283; in the
lords the vote equally strong, 283,
284; weak ministry at date, 286.

Prohibits trade and confiscates all
American ships (1776), iv. 337; sends
British commissioners to America, in-
structions of, 341; debates, 342; de-
bate in the commons on treaties with
Brunswick and Hesse, 356, 357; de-
bate in the lords, 357; in session, v.

53-56; how supreme power obtained,
262; change in votes, 282; growing
discontent in, with the war against
the United States, 496; urges giving
up the war, 524; movement and de-
bate on discontinuing the war, 530,
531; action on making peace with the
United States, 548, 549; debate in,
on the treaty of peace, vi. 39-42; de-
bate in the lords, 47, 48.
Parris, Samuel, minister of Danvers,
Massachusetts, ii. 58, 59; active in
the witchcraft delusion, 61-63; driven
out of the town, 66.
Parry, Lieutenant-Colonel, killed on
Long Island, v. 32.
Parsons, S. H., and others, of Connecti-
cut, plan for taking Ticonderoga, iv.
181, 182; brigadier general, in battle,
v. 30; his brigade runs away, 44, 45;
travels in the West, vi. 283.
Partridge, agent of New York mer-
chants, ii. 244.

Paterson, William, of New Jersey, in
the federal convention, vi. 214; leads
resistance against the larger states,
232; pleads for equality of states in
one supreme council, 234; a strong
federalist, 269; on the ratification of
the constitution, 273.

Paulding, John, one of André's captors,

v. 433, 434; congress votes an annu-
ity to, 438.

Paulet, Earl, in parliament, on question
of taxing America, iii. 194.
Pauw, M., buys Staten Island, New
York, i. 498.

Pavonia, New Jersey, Pauw's colony, i.
498, 499.

Pawtucket. See Penacook.

Paxton, Charles, marshal of admiralty

court, Boston, sent to England, iii.
231; aids Townshend's schemes, 238.
Payson, minister of Chelsea, Massachu-
setts, and his exploit, iv. 164.
Peirce, William, of Salem, Massachu-
setts (1630), i. 236.

Pelham, Henry, prime minister (1742),

ii. 295; administration of, 295-388;
death of, 408.

Pelham, Thomas Hollis. See Newcastle.
Peltrie, Madame de la, ii. 140.
Pemaquid, destroyed by the Indians, ii.
179.

Penacook, Indians, ii. 91; onslaught of,
178, 179.
Pendleton, Edmund, on the stamp-act,
iii. 199; at the head of Virginia com-
mittce of safety, iv. 255; president
of the Virginia convention, 414;
president of the state convention of

Virginia (1788), vi. 426; vigorously
supports the federal constitution,
427-435.

Penn, John, succeeds Caswell in con-
gress, iv. 260.

Penn, Richard, takes second petition to
the king of England, iv. 239; arrives
in England in August, 269, 270;
shabby treatment of, by the ministry,
270; at the bar of the house, 284.
Penn, Thomas, with Richard, propric-
tary of counties on the Delaware, ii.
397; views of (1754), 411; agent for
Pennsylvania, iii. 70; interview with
Grenville, opposes taxing the colo-
nies, 70, 71.

Penn, William, buys East New Jersey,
i. 551; letter to the people of Penn-
sylvania, 553, 554; sails for America,
556; early life and position, 556-558;
in the Tower, 558; tried and acquitted,
558; in Newgate, 558; travels on the
continent, 560; contrast with John
Locke, 561; organizes his government,
563, 564; disputes with Lord Balti-
more, 564, 565; treaties with the In-
dians, 567, 568; returns to England,
farewell letter, 569, 570; work at
home, 571, 572; political sentiments
of, 596, 597; message to the people, ii.
24; arrested and cleared, 27, 28;
goes to Pennsylvania, 28; troubles
of, 30; returns to England, 30; plan
of, for union of the colonies, 74, 75.
Pennsylvania, charter of, i. 552, 553;
Markham, Penn's agent, 54; no
monopolies, 554; free-traders, 555;
Philadelphia laid out, 565; first leg-
islation and constitution, 565, 566;
witchcraft trials in, 568; growth of,
568, 569; boundary with Maryland,
570; legislation, 571, 572; slavery
in, 572, 573; after the revolution of
1688, ii. 24-31; the schism of Keith
in, 25; Fletcher, royal governor of,
25, 26; democracy in, 28; new con-
stitution, disputes, progress, 29-31;
evades the call for quotas, 77, 78;
feeling in, as to prohibition of manu-
factures, 257; volunteer militia of,
304, 305; condition of (1754), 397,
398; affairs in, 445; schemes against,
446; condition of (1757), 460, 461;
strife of, with the proprietaries and
board of trade, 529, 530; reproved
for disobedience, 557.

Spirit of the assembly of, iii. 91;
favors a congress, 146; approves
course of Virginia, 348; elects dele-
gates to the continental congress
(1774), iv. 28; course of, 109, 110;

spirit and activity of (1775), 178; the
assembly of, rejects overtures of the
governor, 178, 179; strife in the leg.
islature, 251; committee of safety,
252; the Quakers hold back, 264;
after the king's proclamation still
clings to loyalty, 273; action of the
legislature, 273; still holds on to al-
legiance, 336; also to proprietary
government, 339; raises troops, is-
sucs money, 339; delegates in con-
gress refuse to vote the suspension of
royal authority, 344; proprietary
government in, overthrown, 420; ir-
resolution of the assembly, 421, 422;
delays, 423; the counties frame a
government in place of the proprietary
government, 432, 433; question of
internal reform and religious liberty,
433; assents to the declaration of in-
dependence, 433, 434; the conven-
tion forms a new constitution, v. 67;
provisions of, 67, 68, 116; council
remonstrates against Washington's
winter quarters, 213; urges the re-
covery of Philadelphia, 215; slavery,
and gradual emancipation, 412, 413;
views as to public debt, vi. 33; adopts
Washington's advice (1783), 91; pro-
poses a protective system, 138; laws
of, as to paper money, 171; the
legislature receives and debates on
the new constitution of the United
States, 382; a state convention called,
383; long and warm debates, 384-
388; the constitution ratified, 390;
moderation of the minority, 465; a
second federal convention refused,
466.

Penry, John, Welsh non-conformist,
hanged, i. 192, 193.

Pensacola, Florida, occupied by the
Spaniards, ii. 188.
Peoria, Lake, ii. 164.

Pepperell, William, in command against
Louisburg, ii. 306.

Pequods, Indians, enemies of the Narra-
gansetts, i. 266; war with the whites,
266; extermination of, 267, 268; lo-
cality of, ii. 91.

Percy, Lord, in command of troops to
relieve the British who had gone to
Concord, 163, 164; hasty retreat of,
164; rage and brutality of the troops,
164, 165; mean and slanderous
words, 172; stays away from battle
of Bunker Hill, 218; starts to attack
Dorchester Heights, but stops short,
327, 328; with Cornwallis on Long
Island, v. 29.

Peter, Hugh, goes to Massachusetts, i.

258; agent of Massachusetts in Eng-
land, 281; death of, and character,
346.

Petition to the king by congress, iv. 75,
76; second petition, 238.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded, i.
565; congress of governors at, ii.
460; spirit of (1773), iii. 446; re-
solves not to let in the tea, 446; ac-
tion on the tea-ship's arrival, 457;
increased commerce of, 467; meeting
of citizens of, iv. 12; counsels mod-
eration, 13, 14; active in the good
cause (1775), 178; second continental
congress in, 190; town-meeting in
(1776), resolves to form a new govern-
ment, 420; protests against action,
421; committee of inspection ap-
pointed, 422; declaration of inde-
pendence by congress, 442; how re-
ceived, v. 3; first celebration in, of
independence, 154, 155; is entered
by the British (1777), 181; English
commissioners arrive in, 271; evacu-
ated by Clinton (1778), 273; chagrin
of loyalists in, 273, 274; patriotism
of the women of, 445; riot in, vi. 97;
Washington's hopeful words to (1789),

470.

Philip, son of Massasoit, haughty and
jealous, i. 386, 387; is hurried into
rebellion, 387, 388; a fugitive, 388;
assaults and destroys Lancaster, Mas-
sachusetts, 391; death of, 393.
Philip II. of Spain, i. 54; suggests con-
quest and colonization of Florida, 55.
Phillips, General, with Burgoyne, v. 158,

187; in Virginia, 506; death of, 506.
Phillips, William, one of Boston's mer-
chants, iii. 369, 454; with Adams,
Bowdoin, and others, negatived as a
councillor, iv. 14.

Phips, Sir William, governor of Massa-
chusetts, ii. 57; share of, in witch-
craft prosecutions, 61, 62; complains
as to salary, 68; captures Port Royal,
Nova Scotia, 181; before Quebec, re-
turns to Boston, 181.

Piankeshaws and Weas, Indians, join
the English against the French, ii.
34-36.

Pickens, Andrew, of South Carolina, iv.

256; colonel, routs British ravagers,
v. 158, 187; unable to act, 378; at
battle of the Cowpens, 482, 483; pro-
moted, 485; with Lee routs the loyal-
ists or tories (1781), 491; takes Au-
gusta, Georgia, 500; in battle at
Eutaw Springs, 503.
Pickering, Timothy, of Salem, Massa-
chusetts, iv. 25; appointed quarter-