EXERCISE XX.

Analyse the sentences in Exercises XVIII. and XIX.

EXERCISE XXI.

1. What is a complex sentence? 2. Define a subordinate sentence. 3. In what three ways can subordinate sentences occur? 4. How can subordinate sentences be co-ordinate? 5. Make the following simple sentences complex by expanding the adjective into an adjectival sentence :

(a) Empty vessels make the most noise.

(b) The kitchen clock keeps time.

(c) Small strokes fell great oaks.

(d) A hard hand often owns a soft heart.

(e) The relentless reaper destroyed the lovely bloom.

(f) Is this the Thracian robber?

(g) A modest violet grew in a shady bed.

(h) I said to my nearer comrade, "Hush!"

EXERCISE XXII.

Make subordinate sentences by the expansion of the adverbs

in the following:

1. He writes legibly.

2. The king behaved shamefully.

3. The rich deride the poor very seldom.

4. Men often think themselves immortal.

5. Demosthenes gradually became free of speech.

6. Stephenson overcame difficulties bravely.

EXERCISE XXIII.

Change the subjects or objects into sentences :

1. It is good for us to be here.

2. He soon learnt to read.

3. To love one's child is natural.

4. Carelessness brings its punishment.

5. Being deserving should precede success.

6. Reigning in peace is more glorious than dying in war.

7. Borrowing means sorrowing.

8. Lending is not always befriending.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Analyse the following sentences according to Scheme IV. :

(a) "The harp that once through Tara's halls

The soul of music shed,

Now hangs as mute on Tara's walls

As if that soul were fled."-Moore.

(b) "The autumn winds rushing

Waft the leaves that are searest,

But our flower was in flushing

When blighting was nearest."-Scott.

(c) "Her beads while she numbered, the baby still slumbered, And smiled in her face, while she bended her knee. 'Oh! blessed be that warning, my child, thy sleep adorning, For I know that the angels are whispering with thee.'"

-S. Lover.

EXERCISE XXV.

Analyse the following sentences according to Scheme V. :(N.B.-This is the scheme prescribed by the Department for the scholarship examination.)

(a) "And ye that byde behinde,

Have ye none other trust,

As ye of clay were cast by kynd,

So shall ye waste to dust."-Sir T. Wyatt.
(b) "Ah! yet, e'er I descend into the grave,
May I a small house and large garden have!
And a few friends, and many books, both true,
Both wise, and both delightful too!"—Cowley.
(c) "Ring ye the bells, ye young men of the town,
And leave your wonted labours for this day:
This day is holy; do you write it down,
That ye for ever it remember may.”—Drayton.
(d) "This above all-to thine own self be true;
And it must follow, as the night the day,

Thou canst not then be false to any man."-Shakespeare.

EXERCISE XXVI.

Analyse, as in the preceding :—

(a)

(b)

(c)

"Take physic, pomp;

Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel;

That thou may'st shake the superflux to them,
And show the heavens more just."-Shakespeare.

"When God with us was dwelling here,
In little babes He took delight;

Such innocents as thou, my dear,

Are ever precious in His sight."-G. Wither.

"That man is freed from servile bands,
Of hope to rise, or fear to fall;

Lord of himself, though not of lands,

And having nothing, yet hath all."— Wotton.

(b)

(d) "The seas are quiet when the winds give o'er ;
So calm are we when passions are no more;
For then we know how vain it was to boast

Of feeling things too certain to be lost."-Waller.

EXERCISE XXVII.

Analyse, as before :

(a) "Let me tell the adventurous stranger,

In our calmness lies our danger;

Like a river's silent running,

Stillness shows our depth and cunning."-Durfey.

Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
'Sir,' said I, 'or madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you." "—Poe.

(c) "My Lord has need of these flowerets gay,'
The reaper said, and smiled;

'Dear tokens of the earth are they,
Where He was once a child." "-Longfellow.

WORD-BUILDING (p. 100).

1. What is a root?

EXERCISE I.

2. Distinguish between root and stem. 3. To what are inflexions made? 4. Define derivative. 5. What are prefixes and suffixes? 6. Give a general rule for their use. 7. What is a hybrid? 8. Define compound as applied to words. 9. Say of each of the syllables of the following words whether it is a prefix, a suffix, a root, a derivative or an inflexion: un-law-ful, male-child-ren, dis-liking, short-sight-ed, ink-stand, man-serv-ant.

EXERCISE II.

Show that the following words are compounds of two nouns :— Monday, wheatfield, rainbow, homestead, keystone, Ladyday, Michaelmas, costermonger, steamship, sheriff, viceroy, and drake.

EXERCISE III.

Of what Part of Speech is each of the words of the following compounds?—

Whetstone, outlay, shepherd, soft-soap, nightmare, backbone, scapegrace, lady, wheatear, fieldfare, upstart, and steward.

EXERCISE IV.

In the following compound adjectives say to what Class of Word each part belongs :

Skyblue, stiffnecked, Lord-Mayor-like, overreaching, stonecold, starkmad, weather-beaten, threadbare, wardrobe, hairsplitting, icebound, awestricken, and footsore.

EXERCISE V.

What other Parts of Speech have been used to make up the following compound verbs?—

Outface, handcuff, clearstarch, outnumber, whitewash, ingather, outbid.

EXERCISE VI.

Comment on each of the following adverbs:

Needs, aboard, afloat, well, thither, how, withal, albeit, seldom, rather, whilst, whence.

EXERCISE VII.

Show the force of each of the prefixes in the following words :Unloose, unthankful, forehead, bewail, withdrew, misrepresent, begrime, wanhope, gainsay, behoof, forlorn, benighted, atone.

EXERCISE VIII.

Justify the use of the prefixes in the following by the meaning of each word::

Engrave, offcast, overdone, inmost, overland, underpay, outcome, thoroughfare, embalm, overstep, welfare.

EXERCISE IX.

Name the prefixes in the following, showing, where necessary, the assimilation:

Allure, acclaim, abstract, absolve, assume, affront, aspire, attract, arrest, aggravate, address, pardon.

EXERCISE X.

Show the force of the prefixes in-biped, ambient, circumnavigate, anticipate, coeval, desuetude, cispontine, transit, countenance, countrydance, corrode, desiccate, emigrate, extramural.

EXERCISE XI.

Account for the variations from the original prefix in each of the following:

Differ, irregular, impending, illiberal, ignoble, embrace, occur, sedition.

EXERCISE XII.

Show the value of the prefixes in the following:

:

Interlude, nonpareil, malefactor, international, intramural, penumbra, remit, occasion, permeate, oblige, post-obit, predicate, retrovert, preterite, secure, prevent.

EXERCISE XIII.

Explain the prefixes, noting the cases of assimilation:

Vicar, suffer, surfeit, viscount, traduce, trespass, succeed, unified, subtrahend, segregate, succumb, ultramarine, superhuman, suffix, surface.

EXERCISE XIV.

Give instances of in becoming il, ir, im, ig; and of ob becoming oc, of, o, op. State a general rule for such changes.

EXERCISE XV.

Select the prefixes, and justify the use of each :—

Epidemic, endemic, autonomy, eclectic, dyspepsia, archiepiscopal, diatonic, cataclysm, apostasy, antipathy, anagram, catastrophe, eccentric, perimeter.

EXERCISE XVI.

Show the value of the prefixes in-monologue, Pantheon, syllable, metathesis, periosteum, hyposulphite, programme, hyperbole, hemiplegia, euphony, synthesis, Polynesia, monarchy.

EXERCISE XVII.

Give the root and the suffix in each of the following:

Fodder, trickster, thrift, baxter, penmanship, hammock, loveliness, straddle, sapling, chippings, sisterhood, carter, starling, collier, sawyer.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Explain fully the suffixes in the following:

Mitten, earldom, stealth, breadth, handicraft, rimecraft, drunkard, laddie, hardship, haft, spindle, shuttle, brazier, whiting, hilt, handle.

EXERCISE XIX.

Show the effect of the suffix, by giving the meanings of the following words :

Frolicsome, knotty, drowned, clayey, woollen, leeward, awkward, scornful, shamefaced, saintlike, knavish, friendly, Spanish, bootless, sweetish, scuttled, glad, left.