THE GUARDS' BANDS (4th S. iv. 513.)-The blacks in the Guards' bands, who played the bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, and bells, were introduced by the royal dukes who were colonels of these regiments in the latter part of the last century. Francis, the last of the blacks in the Grenadier Guards, was discharged in 1840; the Coldstream Guards got rid of theirs about the same time; and the last black in the Scots Fusilier Guards, who was a native of Martinique, was discharged in December, 1841. The distinctive dress-scarlet overalls and jacket with white sleeves, (but not the turban)-was retained in the band of the Scots Fusilier Guards till 1866.

FRASER RIVER (4th S. iv. 478.)-The following is extracted from a traveller's diary published in Mr. Matthew Macfie's Vancouver Island and British Columbia (Longmans, 1865), p. 225: —

"15th [May, 1863] ... The Fraser winds its way through the Lilloet Valley, the river-bed being 190 feet below the plain. The land rises up from the river in terraces, level and regular; and these assume hues varying with the seasons. Probably the whole valley was once the basin of a lake whose waters subsided gradually, these benches being old water marks. On one of these terrace-like levels, on the right bank of the river, is the town of Lilloet; its altitude 1,036 feet."

JOHN HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL. Combe Vicarage, near Woodstock.

WHIPPING AT UNIVERSITIES (4th S. iv. 534.)— Your correspondent will find this passage in “The Customs and Manners of the English," an extract from Aubrey's MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum, given in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory, i. 74. It is an error, however, to identify the Dr. Potter named by Aubrey with John Potter the Archbishop of Canterbury. Aubrey speaks of Dr. Potter of his own college, Trinity, Oxford; whereas the archbishop was a member of University and Lincoln Colleges, some fifty years later. There are some strong assertions among the extracts given by Grose, but this is as incredible as any among them. HENRY T. RILEY.

is said in Dr. Samuel Johnson's Life of Milton. Your correspondent has omitted to notice what In the beginning of his fifteenth year the roet was sent to the University of Cambridge:

"That he obtained no fellowship is certain; but the unkindness with which he was treated was not merely negative. I am ashamed to relate what I fear is true, that Milton was one of the last students in either university that suffered the public indignity of corporal correction."-Lives of the Poets, i. 121-133, edition 1783.

Edinburgh.

G.

THE EXNING Prx (4th S. iv. 513.) The Exning pyx was exhibited in 1845 at one of the meetings of the Archæological Institute by the Rev. Augustus Thorpe, of Chippenham. See vol. ii. 205. A description from the pen of Mr. T. F. Clark, late of Newmarket, with a drawing, is to be found in the first volume of The Proceedings of the Suffolk Archeological Institute. In the account of the meeting 1845, it is stated that the pyx had been found at Chippenham. This is Tharp was the exhibitor, not Thorpe, as the name I suspect also that the Rev. Augustus is spelt. If my conjecture be correct, an inquiry addressed to Chippenham, where the family of Tharp reside, would probably bring the pyx to light.

an error.

E. M. D.

"VIOLET; OR, THE DANSEUSE" (4th S. iv. 176, 324,397,490, 492, 543.)—The very strong internal evidence against Violet having been written by Captain Marryat, coupled with the fact that he was not in the habit of writing anonymously, caused me to marvel much at the letter of your correspondent ROSE, which attributes to Captain Marryat (and of the novel in question. Captain Marryat did on the authority of his daughter) the authorship

write a novel called Monsieur Violet. To the best of my recollection the novel treated of the adventures of a French dancing-master, and-an exception to Marryat's rule-was not acknowledged

THE REV. GEORGE BENNET (4th S. iv. 409, 563.)-In an article on this divine at p. 563 of the last volume of "N. & Q." by your valued correspondent DR. CRAUFURD TATE RAMAGE, it is stated that amongst his friends was Markham, Archdeacon of Carlisle; and in another article on the same subject and page by DR. ROGERS, he is called Archdeacon Marsham. As "N. & Q." is so frequently used as a book of reference it is desirable that accuracy in all its statements should be as far as possible secured; and the Editor has further got all his correspondents in the way of giving the precise authority for their statements, which of course is another point adding very much to the utility of the publication.

Permit me then to observe that Robert Markham was never Archdeacon of Carlisle, though he was a prebendary of that cathedral, and no doubt from this circumstance became acquainted with Mr. Bennet. He was Archdeacon of York and Rector of Bolton Percy, where he died in 1837, and is buried in the churchyard. He was born in 1768, and was the fifth son of William Markham, Archbishop of York, and tutor to George IV. (See Alumni Westmonasterienses, 1852, p. 422, and the History of the Markham Family, p. 78.) JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Bolton Percy, near Tadcaster. DELAMAIN (4th S. iv. 513, 573.)—I have several interesting letters from Henry Delamain of Dublin relating to his invention of the use of coals in heating potters' kilns instead of wood or turf, which he says he had successfully adopted in his own manufactory. His aim seems to have been to obtain a reward from Parliament for the discovery. One of his letters is written at Liverpool, whither he had just arrived to confer with the principal potters, and to induce them to back his petition, for at that time Liverpool was the centre of the earthenware manufacture. This letter is addressed to his wife, "Mrs. Mary Delamain, at the India Warehouse, Abbey Street, Dublin," dated Dec. 18, 1753, giving her directions to see a person of the name of Stringfellow, who appears to have been in his service, for con

firmation as to the success of the use of coal in his kilns. It concludes "I shall go to London this day, and shall call in my way at Worster to see the fine new manufactory."

Some other of his letters are written to Mr. William Stringfellow, at the Delft Manufactory in the Strand, Dublin, dated Dec. 1753 and Jan. 1754-all referring to the same subject. The letters are too long for the pages of "N. & Q.," but they will appear shortly in the third edition of my Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain which is now passing through the press, and I shall be happy to show them to your correspondent Y. S. M. if he will call upon me. W. CHAFFERS.

A copy of the book itself, to which W. F. must now be referred for further information, occurred in Willis's catalogue, July 25, 1857, very rare, 6s. 6d." It is hardly likely, however, to be obtainable after so long a lapse of time. But W. F. need not despair, as the matter fortunately exists in a more readily accessible form. The book, though published anonymously, was written by the celebrated John Evelyn, and is reproduced in the Miscellaneous Works of that author, edited, with notes, by William Upcott, 4to, 1825. If W. F. is not able to meet with this, I shall be happy to lend him my copy of the original work, and will forward it by post on receipt of his address.

I should also refer him to the Omniana of Robert Southey (2 vols. 12mo, 1812). Here he will find an article on one of the so-called impostors-Fr. Domenico Ottomano-in which it is asserted that the title of the book conveys a false meaning, inasmuch as Padre Ottomano, "though no Ottoman, was certainly no impostor"; the further account of this personage and his claims is continued over several pages (see i. 60.) The writer was apparently unaware of the authorship of the book, though he notes that the dedication (to Lord Arlington) bears the initials J. E.

Birmingham.

WILLIAM BATES.

"CANON BONAVENTURA WRITING HIS MEMOIRS AFTER HIS DEATH" (4th S. iv. 559.)-Mrs. Jameson, in her Legends of the Monastic Orders, p. 291, says that, according to a Spanish legend S. Bonaventura, after his death, returned to the earth for three days, to complete his Life of S. Francis. He is thus represented in a picture in the Louvre (attributed to Murillo) wearing his doctor's cap and gown, with a ghastly expression of countenance. S. Bonaventura was born at Bagnarea, in Tuscany, in 1221; at the age of twenty-two he took the Franciscan habit, and soon became greatly distinguished. In 1256 he was chosen general of the order, and also declined the archbishopric of York, offered him by Pope Clement IV. Gregory X. raised him to the dignity of a cardinal. The envoys sent to give him the hat found him washing the plate from which he had just dined. He bade them hang the hat on a tree till he had done, and hence in pictures of him the hat is frequently thus represented. He died in 1274, while attending the Council of Lyons.

JOHN PIGGOT, JUN., F.S.A. THE "SCRAPE" OF CARLISLE (4th S. iv. 561.) Your correspondent U. O. N. had little chance of success in his consultations of Bosworth, Halliwell, Nares, and Wright, in their several glossaries. That which he reads scrape is in reality socage. There never was any such a name as the Scrape of Carlisle; but the soccage manor is generally spelt as above, and if badly written, might look like the word scrape.

There was a 66 scrape" about it in the last century, in which Sir James Lowther figured. Possibly the letter may refer to this?

CAERLEOL.

HERALDIC (4th S. iv. 451, 546, 550.)-Allow me to thank my friend MR. FRANK REDE FOWKE and E. W. for their replies to my heraldic query. My own conjecture was in agreement with the suggestion of the former, that the arms were those of Clifford, but I was unable to iden

tify them. The Cliffords of Frampton-on-Severn and other branches who difference with a bend, charge that ordinary with 3 lionceux, or 3 leopards' faces; and the Herefordshire Cliffords, who adopt cinqfoils, place them on a fesse. CROWDOWN.

THE PHRASE "DEAR ME" (4th S. iv. 531; v. 24.) It may be worth a note in reference to this expression, that its exact representative in the vernacular of Southern (and possibly Northern) Germany-as the verbal accompaniment of a long-drawn sigh-is "Oh ja" ("Oh yes"). How this expression came to be so used one is sometimes at a loss to imagine. HERMAGORAS.

QUOTATIONS WANTED (4th S. iv. 561.)—“Fortior est qui se," &c. I am unable to inform QUESTOR where to find his quotation, exactly as it stands; but it is certainly founded upon the words of the 32nd verse of the 16th chapter of the Book of Proverbs. The passage in the Vulgate is this:

"Melior est patiens viro forti: et qui dominatur animo suo, expugnatore urbium." F. C. H.

[A reply to the same effect has been received from the Rev. F. PHILLOTT.-ED. "N. & Q."]

CARDINAL RICHELIEU (4th S. v. 15.)-See the first chapter of Miss Pardoe's Louis XIV., His Court and Times. The writer gives no authorities. HERMENTRUDE.

DEPENDABLE (4th S. iv. 558.)-This is a new word, and therefore not to be welcomed unless wanted. But, unless it has before been mentioned, it may be worth while to adduce the wellas a perfect preestablished word "available" cedent for "reliable." If the latter is wrong because it ought, if anything, to be "rely-onable," so ought "available" to be "avail-of

able."