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BRAND and CO.'S OWN SAUCE, SOUPS, PRESERVED PROVISIONS, and SSENCE of BEEF, BEEF TEA, ES TURTLE SOUP, and JELLY, and other SPECIALTIES for INVALIDS. Caution.-Beware of Imitations. Sole Address I. LORD BOLINGBROKE. II. The PROGRESS of TASTE. IV. The SUCCESSORS of ALEXANDER, and GREEK CIVIL- V. PRINCE METTERNICH. VI. The ROMANCE of MODERN TRAVEL. VII. MR. BRIGHT and the DUKE of SOMERSET on MON- VIII. The CREDENTIALS of the OPPOSITION. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. THE NEW BOOKS OF THE SEASON. 11, LITTLE STANHOPE STREET, MAYFAIR, W. MR. CHARLES DARWIN: Memoir of Dr. has my Name, Trade-Mark, and Signature on a Buff-Coloured Wrapper. H. LAMPLOUGH, 113, Holborn. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.-Sleeplessness, flatulency, acidity, nausea, and all dyspeptic indications may be speedily relieved by these famous Pills, of which large quantities are shipped to all parts of the world. The constantly increasing demands for Holloway's medicine proves its power over disease, and its estimation by the public. In weakness of the stomach, in diseases of the liver, and in disorders of the system caused by cold or a sluggish circulation, no medicine is so efficacious, no remedy so rapid, as these Pills, which are altogether incapable of doing mischief. By quickening digestion, they give refreshing sleep, sharpen the appetit, impart tone to the digestive organs, purify and enrich the blood, regulate the secretions, and strengthen the whole physical frame. ERASMUS DARWIN. ROBBERIES. CHUBB'S SAFES for JEWELS, specially atted inside with Wood or Velvet, and Enclosed in Wood Cabinets, can be seen at CHUBB & SON'S, 128, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, ST. PAUL'S, E.C.; and at Illustrated Price Lists sent Free. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1880. CONTENTS. - N° 2. NOTES:-The so-called Head of Seneca, 29-The Mystery of what a moral philosopher must have looked like. Either of these objections should dispose of the common ascription, and leave the field open to a newer and a better one. This better attribution georgns's "Sprituall Husbandrie," &c.-Saunders and Dun- is now supplied by Signor Comparetti, the disREPLIES:-A Biographical Society, 38-Sir John Cheke, 39- tinguished professor at Florence, whose admirYakoob Khan-A Topographical Society, 40-Old Hundredth able work on Virgil in the Middle Ages has made -"Brandlet"-Celtic Races, 41-Superstitions-Employment of Women-"Week-end," 42" Don Quixote"-Martyrs at him known to all the learned of Europe. In Newbury-Christmas in Yorkshire-Female Churchwardens, his work just published at Naples, entitled Ercolano e la sua Portraits of Centenarians-The History of Literary Forgeries, La Villa de Pisoni in 44-A Humorous Motto-W. Linton-"Esopus" Prices Biblioteca, he has undertaken to prove a new Binding of Book of Charles II-English Vineyards-J. affirmative, and to show distinctly whose bust the Arbuthnot-J. Wilkes-Trousers first Worn, 45-De Laune Family-Balcony-A Roman Banquet-"History of the one in question really is, viz., that it is a family drinking-Ink-Glagged," &c. 46-Deed of Denization-consul against whom, in company with his colMutiny at Spithead"-Ancient English Mansions, &c.-Tea- portrait of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Cæsoninus, the 43-The India House-Grimm's "Mémoires "-A Token Royal Signature-Authors Wanted, 47. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Dobson's "Hogarth"-"Pen Sketches by a Vanished Hand"-"The Philosophy of Handwriting" "The Antiquary"-"Songs of Society." Notes. THE SO-CALLED HEAD OF SENECA AT NAPLES. Those who know the Museo Reale of Naples cannot but remember the presence there of a bronze bust, executed in the best style of art, and portraying a man of middle age, who at all points shows "frontem Dis iratam "-a gloomy and discontented temperament, which no amount of self-indulgence has subdued or removed. He is a man of more than average intellect and firmness. He is bearded, beetle - browed, and wrinkled. His cheeks are sunken and emaciated. He is unkempt and unshorn, and a pronounced animal occiput completes the unamiable individuality. So masterly a reproduction of nature is rarely to be seen. Accordingly, it is the pet of all the art shops in Naples, where it figures in bronze and in terra cotta, in large size and in small. The original bust was found with others, as far back as 1750, at Herculaneum, in a villa magnificent in its size and adornments. From that time to this it has been unhesitatingly labelled "Seneca." No authority of any kind, direct or indirect, however, has ever been adduced for the justice of the nscription, its sole ground seeming to have been a vague feeling that such a head best expressed league and his humble Greek friend, Cicero so candidly inveighed. In the villa before mentioned was found a library consisting (with some few exceptions) of Greek philosophical treatises. It is this library which has supplied the only papyri found at Herculaneum. Of these 341 have been up to the present time unrolled and published or got ready for publication. Of the whole number thirty-nine have been recognized and identified as distinct works of specific Greek authors. As among the names of the authors we find Epicurus himself, with Demetrius of Byzantium, Polystratus, Colotes, and Chrysippus, all Epicureans, we may safely regard this library as having been essentially Epicurean. But though Epicurean it lacked the great works of the great leaders of the school. This is a curious omission. But there is another fact connected with it which is quite as curious in its way, viz., the fact of what it did possess. It contained also many works-a majority of the whole collection-of a second-rate, perhaps less than secondrate, Epicurean author-Philodemus of Gadara, Piso's well-known friend. Of this man one work only is mentioned by the ancients, and that has been ably identified by Prof. Comparetti with a treatise of an unnamed author among the papyri of the villa. Philodemus, like most Epicureans, was many-sided. He was a charming poet of lascivious vers de société. The Greek anthologia has preserved a great many of his epigrams. He was known generally as a man of the world rather than as a philosopher. Who, then, was the Epicurean collector who preferred for his library the works of an inferior author of that school to those of its master spirits; who neglected Epicurus, Metrodorus, and Hermarchus for the writings of a mere nonentity of the sect, a Græculus of good Roman society? Was it Philodemus himself? That has been suggested. But if it were Philodemus's own library there should be the author's MSS., but there is none such here. The MSS. are all written, with one exception, by professional librarii. But if it was not Philodemus's library (in a friend's house) there can be no doubt that it was that of a friend and admirer of Philodemus-in other words, of Piso, who was both. It was the library of the house of a wealthy Roman Epicurean. The numerous and marvellous works of art found in that library and house now form the choicest ornaments of the Museo. One room contained inscribed busts of Hermarchus the Epicurean, and Zeno of Sidon, the contemporary and master of Philodemus. The house generally contained many anonymous busts, and Philodemus's may be amongst them. Cicero has told us of a rich Roman who admired and protected PhilodemusPiso. We may assume that Piso was his only great friend. One such was sufficient for the Syro-Greek, more, perhaps, were not attainable. But it may be said that we have no evidence that Piso resided in Herculaneum. It is certain, however, that he left Rome entirely in his later days, for he slips out of history altogether, and no man of his rank and eminence could have remained in safe obscurity so long as he continued to live in that centre of publicity. He left Rome, therefore, but where did he go? To Herculaneum, says Prof. Comparetti. For that villa which we have been describing was his. That library was his. That bust (commonly called Seneca's) is his portrait, because, in bronze, it is exactly what Cicero has, on paper or parchment, left us as Piso's delinea tion. The artistic work of the one and the wordpainting of the other record and perpetuate precisely the same man. "Dis irata fronte," "frontis nubecula" (In Pisonem); "ex barbatis illis," "capillo horrido," "quid de supercilio dicam," &c. (Pro Sextio); "rugis supercilioque" (Post reditum in Sen.); "pilosæ genæ,""semivivus" (In Pisonem). The circumstance of the beard and moustache on the bust is noteworthy. The wearing of both is remarked upon by Cicero as a peculiarity of Piso, for then no Roman gentleman went unshaved. Piso's immoderate lubricity, which the occiput of the bust plainly shadows forth, is denounced in the Orat. in Pisonem. This is not the whole of the evidence. When Piso was consul in B.C. 58 his colleague was Aulus Gabinius, a man after Piso's own heart, but in his exterior the strongest conceivable contrast to him. Cicero has also given us Gabinius's portrait, and we find that he wore his hair curled 66 with the irons like a mountebank; it was tied by a band, and fell in fringes all round his head. His cheeks were fat, flabby, and painted (" cincinnatus," "calamistratus saltator," madentes cincinnorum fimbriæ, et fluentes cerussatæque bucca." So effeminate was his look that the public called him "Catiline's wife." Now a portrait bust, the exact and undeviating counterpart of Cicero's description in every particular, was found in the villa in question side by side with Piso's own bust, and is now in the Museo Reale. Is not this Aulus Gabinius's portrait! Prof. Comparetti thinks so. Why it should be there is sufficiently explicable. It was the likeness of a friend dear to him for kindred vices, and their association in the great social and political glory of the consulate. His friend's bust commemorated and recalled their joint reign of a year over the whole world. Engravings of the two busts accompany Prof. Comparetti's treatise, and will enable his readers unacquainted with the art treasures of Naples to judge for themselves of the physical identity of the two consuls, as portrayed by Cicero, with those Romans whose images were found in the villa at Herculaneum. If Prof. Comparetti's identification of the two busts be as true as I believe it to be, it must lead to other identifications also, for there are other busts equally anonymous which were found in their company. One of them is of a lady now called Sappho. This may rather be Calpurnia. There are two busts also of boys. These may be the grandsons of Piso-the Pisones to whom Horace afterwards dedicated the Ars Poetica. I have said enough to show the great importance of Prof. Comparetti's treatise, both in its historical and in its artistic bearings. Of the charm of its diction, the finish of its method, and the close subtlety of its reasoning, the reader will be best able to judge by consulting the original. H. C. C. THE MYSTERY OF ST. PANTALEON, OR CHURCH AND STAGE IN 1653. (Concluded from p. 11.) Part II. "Epitasis." Pantaleon approves himself a good and faithful pastor. Scene 1. Town and palace. Pantaleon considers the affairs of the diocese with his friends. Scene 2. As before, with the sea in sight. Apparition to Pantaleon of Divine Justice, borne on clouds, and foretelling the death of Maximus and his son. The bishop leaves court, and thenceforth occupies himself solely with the interests of his diocese. Scene 3. Mountains, forests, gardens, &c. The inhabitants of the Jura [presumably still pagans] pray to the god Pan to preserve their cattle from the wolves and bears. Pan's oracle is uttered from a tree; the surrounding trees applaud it by "treading a stately measure." Some of the dancing trees thus escape a conflagration which puts the rustics to flight. Scene 4. Palace, &c. The Virgin Mary, special patroness of the bishopric, comes down from heaven, surrounded by angels, and promises Pantaleon to protect his see. In order, apparently, to strengthen his faith, the roll of names and arms of fifty-seven prince-bishops, his successors, down to Jean François de Schönau, is made to pass before Pantaleon's eyes amidst the clouds. Chorus. The peasantry of Rauracia, delivered from war by the death of Maximus, show their joy in a dance. For six hours continuously, from five o'clock in the afternoon till eleven at night, the good people of Porrentruy had been held under a spell. Nothing had been wanting to complete their delight. Scenery, stage effect, the ballet, the frequent intervention of sacred or mythological persons-strange as the admixture may now seem to us-allegory set forth in plain terms by picture and emblem, all had hailed the festal day of the consecration of the new prince-bishop. The story of the play was printed in three languages, Latin, French, and German. Thus all, learned or unlearned, might alike know of the "Joye et gratulation publique tesmoignée par une Comédie de St. Pantale, premier Evesque de Basle, pour la solennelle consécration de Mgr. le Rév. et Ill. Jean François, Evesque de Basle, Prince du St. Empire, représentée au collège de la compagnie de Jésus, à Porrentruy, tant par la bourgeoisie lettrée que par la noble jeunesse estudiante." The account of this high holiday which I have laid before the readers of "N. & Q." has been taken from a history of the College,* presented to me by a kind Porrentruy friend, Dr. Dupasquier, on the occasion of a visit to the old capital of the Bernese Jura in Scene 2. As before. Pantaleon is visited by the early summer of 1875. "Hæc olim meminisse St. Ursula and two of her principal attendants.juvabit" may be my motto, as well as that of the They ask him to be their guide into Germany. historian of the College of Porrentruy. He consents, entrusting his diocese to his friends. C. H. E. CARMICHAEL. New University Club, S.W. Part III. " Catastrophe." Pantaleon suffers martyrdom near Cologne with St. Ursula and her companions. Scene 1. Town and palace, with gardens, &c., Pantaleon, troubled for his diocese, which is being ravaged by the Huns, continues instant in prayer, and resolves to die for his flock. Faith, Hope, and Charity appear in the clouds, and confirm him in this design. Scene 3. A forest, open country, and the sea [the coast, it may be imagined, of North Germany]. Divine Justice, from the midst of clouds, urges the tyrant Maximus to alter his mode of life. Maximus receives letters, informing him of the departure of Ursula and her companions. He sends Conanus, one of his officers, in search of them. Scene 4. The Rhine, fields, &c. Two barbarian chiefs appear, much astonished at not having yet been able to carry off Ursula and her menée. As an interlude before fresh attempts, four halberdiers execute a dance in honour of their future wedding [presumably to some of the holy company]. Scene 5. The Rhine, on which are seen two vessels bearing Ursula and Pantaleon. They are met by Gaunus and Melga, chiefs of the Huns. A general massacre takes place. Partaleon and Ursula exhort the virgins to martyrdom. Angels cast down flowers upon them, and then carry their souls to heaven. Chorus and Epilogue. The Rhine, dressed in purple, relates the martyrdom of St. Pantaleon, and promises his protection to his successors, and more especially to" his Benjamin, who now governs the see." The Church of Basle, in the midst of the applause of the heavenly hosts, is borne through the air on a triumphal car drawn by two Schonau swans, one red and the other white. Sorzs, cheers, the blare of trumpets, and salvoes of artillery bring the play to a close, and the curtain falls upon the "Mystery of St. Pantaleon." THE INHABITANTS OF PITCAIRN'S ISLAND. The interesting account of the arrival at Pitcairn's Island of the organ presented to the islanders by Her Majesty, prompts me to send you a genealogical table of the descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty, compiled by a friend, who in 1832 visited the island in H.M.S. Comet, sent from Sydney for the purpose of conveying the islanders to Otaheite. The table must be read as of 1832, and if its appearance in " N. & Q." should elicit further and later information, such would be very acceptable to me. The numbers after each name represent the age of the person in 1832. Should this table prove of interest to readers of "N. & Q.," I would gladly avail myself of the kindness of my friend, who is still living and in excellent health, and forward extracts from his most interesting journal of his voyage and visit to the island. The mutiny of the Bounty occurred in 1789, and, after a perilous voyage, Christian, with eight mutineers, six Otaheitan men, and thirteen Otaheitan women, arrived at Pitcairn's Island. About four years later an affray took place between the mutineers and their Otaheitan slaves, together with three others of the mutineers, the result of which was the destruction *Histoire du Collège de Porrentruy (1590-1865). Par Louis Vautrey, Ancien Professeur au College, Curé-doyen à Delémont. Porrentruy. 166. of the whole of the Otaheitan men and the three treacherous mutineers. The following table shows the descendants of the remaining five, and of Mills, who was killed in the affray. Fletcher Christian, mutineer, m. a Tahitan woman, and had issue: Thursday October, 42, m. Susannah, a Tahitan, and Charles, 38, m. Sally, a Tahitan woman, and had issue : Mary, 37. Daniel Macoy, mutineer, m. a Tahitan woman, and had Daniel, m. Sarah Quintall, and had issue: Daniel, 22, m. Peggy Christian, and had a child Daniel; William, 20; Hugh, 16; Matthew, 10; Sam, 9; Jane, 8; Sarah and Albina, infants. issue: Arthur Quintall, mutineer, m. a Tahitan woman, and had Arthur, m. Kitty Macoy, and had issue: Arthur, 15; Kitty, 12; Charlotte and John (twins), 10; Phoebe, 6; James, 5; Caroline, 4; Ruth; Lucy Ann, born on passage to Otaheite, and called after the ship which transported all the Pitcairn Islanders to Otaheite. Edward, m. Dinah Adams, and had issue: William, 13; Martha, 9; Edward, 7; Abraham, 4; Louisa. Matthew (was drowned), m. Betsy Mills (who after wards married William Young), and had issue: John, 20; Matthew, 18. Sarah, m. Daniel Macoy the second. George Young, mutineer, m. Nanny, and subsequently Isabelle, both Tahitan women, who came to Pitcairn's Island in the Bounty, and had issue :George, m. Hannah Adams, and had issue: Frederick, 9; Simon, 8; Dinah, 5; Betsy, 4; Jemima; William, m. Betsy, widow of Matt. Quintall, and had issue: Martha, 4; Mary; Miriam. Robert. Martha. Edward. Polly, m. John Buffett.† and had issue: Thomas, 6; John Adams, mutineer (died March 5, 1829, aged 65), m. a Tahitan woman, and had issue : SHAKSPEARIANA. "THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY," "HAMLET,” III. i. (5th S. xii. 243).-Our present popular Christianity holds that the soul after death is immediately remitted to its place of happiness or punishment. The view of earlier Protestantism and of the older church was that it went to Hades, the intermediate place, and there awaited the resurrection and judgment. The medieval Latin Church evolved purgatory from this, founding the ides in part on the parable of Dives and Lazarus. Shakespeare, possibly from conviction, more probably because he was dramatizing, in consonance with the views of the times in which the story was laid, a tale of the dark ages, or for other dramatic And here I would remark by the way, that to argue reasons, chose to assume the purgatorial view. that this is conclusive proof of his own belief is absurd. Did he believe in Hamlet, or his story, as he presented them, or in Othello and Emilia? Or are we to hold that he believed in his Oberon and Titania, their court and quarrel? Returning to our subject, it cannot be considered that this Hades or purgatory was either the undiscovered country or part of it; it was but a half-way house, or second stage on the way thither, as our present life is the first. B. NICHOLSON. "HAMLET," V. i.-"Imperious [or imperial] Caesar, dead and turned to clay." In some editions George, 24, m. Polly Young, and had issue: John, 4; of Shakespeare "imperious" is used, in others Jonathan; Josiah. Dinah, 22, m. Edward Quintall. Rachel, 21, m. Jack Evans,† and had issue: John; Hannah, 19, m. George Young. Quintall. "imperial." Which is correct? A. TWOOD. AN ENGLISH BANQUET IN 1768.-At this season of good cheer it may not be amiss to follow the lead given us in the Christmas number by F. G., and to record the bill of fare of a dinner given by the Lord Mayor of London, in 1768, to the King Yard on board the City barge, a select band of of Denmark. The king came from New Palace water music playing in the stern, the principal livery companies attending in their respective barges. He took some refreshment on landing, for an elegant collation had been provided for him in the Middle Temple Hall, and then His Majesty, |